Problem 1: Use Biopython to download 10 influenza hemagglutinin sequences like we did in the Class 21 worksheet. Print the list of genbank identifiers, then fetch and save all of the records to a file called "influenza_HA.gb".
# You will need Entrez and Medline to solve this problem
from Bio import Entrez, SeqIO
Entrez.email = "dariya.k.sydykova@utexas.edu"
# let's do a search for influenza H1N1 viruses from Texas
handle = Entrez.esearch(db="nucleotide", # database to search
term="influenza a virus texas h1n1 hemagglutinin complete cds", # search term
retmax=10 # number of results that are returned
)
record = Entrez.read(handle)
handle.close()
gi_list = record["IdList"] # list of genbank identifiers found
print(gi_list)
# Fetch records from the database
handle = Entrez.efetch(db="nucleotide", id=gi_list, rettype="gb", retmode="text")
data = handle.read()
handle.close() # close the handle
# Write data to a file
with open("influenza_HA.gb", "w") as outfile:
outfile.write(data)
Problem 2: Restriction enzymes cut DNA by recognizing specific motifs (patterns in the DNA sequence usually less than 10 nucleotides). Some restriction enzymes recognize degenerate motifs. That is, they recognize multiple motifs that differ by only 1 or 2 nucleotides.
Using your sequence file from Problem 1 and regular expressions, determine if any of the influenza sequences contain the following restriction sites:
import re
# Your code goes here
# Open the genbank file with flu sequences
in_handle = open("influenza_HA.gb", "r")
records = SeqIO.parse(in_handle, "genbank")
# Start counters for EcoRI and BisI restriction sites
eco_count = 0
bis_count = 0
# Loop over each sequence
for record in records:
# Match
match_eco = re.search(r"GAATTC", str(record.seq))
match_bis = re.search(r"GC[ATCG]GC", str(record.seq))
if match_eco:
eco_count += 1
if match_bis:
bis_count += 1
# Remember to close the file handle!
in_handle.close()
print("There are EcoRI restriction sites in", eco_count, "sequences.")
print("There are BisI restriction sites in", bis_count, "sequences.")